Steven

Greeks: city-states, share language · Sea Trade o Transportation easy o Allows city-states to be linked o Traders first · Mountains o Isolated o Develop little city-states, own culture § Identify w/ city, not as Greek o No farmland · Climate o Mild o Rainy o No harsh storms o Outside § Connected w/ community · Mycenaean’s: mild, island, mtns-rocky ridge o 20 ft thick walls § Fearful of invaders, military leader § Control over Athens, nearby city-states § Minoan contemporary · Expanding à begin friendly, trading o Troy o Expanding à Trojan War · Dorian’s o Homer-Iliad-embodies epicness, heroes o Don’t write-Dark Ages o World tradition in story-telling o Myths-explain nature, human emotion

Music in Ancient Greece By: Colette Hemingway, Sean Hemingway http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/grmu/hd_grmu.htm

Music was a huge part of Greek culture; it was integrated into almost every part of of the culture. It was used in religious festivals, marriage, funerals, banquets, social functions, shepherds played to their flocks, military and sailors kept time, entertainment, economy, and even math.("Greek philosophers saw a relationship between music and mathematics, envisioning music as a paradigm of harmonious order reflecting the cosmos and the human soul.") We know music was highly valued because many concert halls were erected, monuments built, and there were musicians depicted on vases and sculptures. People have also uncovered actual compositions and instruments like the lyre, kithara (string) and the aulos(reed). Being a musician was a respectable profession and were often payed to perform. Music was such an important part of Greek society because it was another way to be connected with one another. When you only have communication with your city, you want to be close to anyone you can. Music did this; it provided a universal language that everyone could participate in and enjoy. It also was just a another way to express feelings, like architecture, paintings, sculptures, and literature. Also, since Greeks were mainly traders, there was more free time for people because they didn't have to farm all the time. When you aren't working you want something to occupy your time, like playing instruments and singing. This could have been a reason for the importance of Ancient Greek Culture.

Early Athenians and Spartans had very different cultures. Athens valued art, whereas Spartans viewed it as a corrupting thing. Athenians developed many forms of art like paintings, sculptures, architecture, music, and literature. These things become a huge part of their society. Spartans did not focus at all on these things. Their only focus was training their citizens to be soldiers and developing their military. Another thing that was different about their cultures was the affect that their military had on their culture. While Athens had a strong military, specifically their navy, it was a small part of their culture. It did not have an effect on every aspect of it. Sparta’s, on the other hand, was very influential. Everything done in their society was done to help the military’s strength. Boys were taken at seven to be trained, taxes were spent on military, and much of the crops were given to feed the army. One other thing was the roles of women in their societies. In Athens a woman’s place was in her home and nowhere else. They were not allowed to vote or take part in sports. However women in Sparta were allowed to have a more active role in their sports and activities. They had to be strong and able because they would have to be the first line of defense at home if an invasion were to occur.

[|http://www.aroundgreece.com/ancient-greece-history/athens-greece.php] [|http://www.ellopos.net/politics/european-history/01-rise-of-greece.asp?pg=25-27] Around 500 B.C. Athens was at the center of trade in the Mediterranean world. They were trading with many different nations as far as Britain and imported many goods for the Athenian people. Athens was trading with so many people that they exhausted the Athenian coin and started to produce olives and grapes to trade with. The increased productivity led to an increased number of exported goods that in turn led to an increase in imported food for the population. Athens traded with many cities and nations, including their own colonies founded in places such as the shores of the [|Mediterranean and Black seas and southern Italy. Some of these cities include Byzantium],[| Cumae, Naples, Messina and Reggio.] The Athenians traded their manufactured goods for raw materials like fish, wood, wool, grain and metal, as well as slaves. Although Athenians were able to grow olives and grapes, the soil in Greece was not arable; therefore they had to trade with other nations and cities to get food. Athenians traded with nations over Europe, parts of Asia and Africa, and all over the Mediterranean, even as far as Britain.