Garay

Greek Life:  -  Early Greeks o The Greeks were original not united rather a collection of city states o They share the same language which is why the language is so valued, which is not the same Greek that people speak today, o they were speaking a form of Latin, o one of the first Greek communities was the o Minoans, they lived on an island called Crete they trade by sea they also trade language and culture, 2,000 islands and main peninsula of Greece itself § Crete is an island, Greece is a peninsula, · Influenced by water o Fishing, trade transportation o Trade and expand o Links city states o Sea links them, but prevents over all unity because of the mountains o Communities § Loyal to themselves § Mountains · Protection <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Don’t focus on farming <span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ Climate <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Warm (when you live next to the sea, the climate doesn’t change much, stays temperate) <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Can spend a lot of time outside <span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore;">o Have more time to work, cause they aren’t stuck inside <span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore;">o More progressive <span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore;">o Effects way they build their houses <span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ Mycenae <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· 2000 B.C. <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">·  Geography <span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore;">o Mountainous, near the sea, located on mountain ridge, surrounded by thick walls <span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ Fear invaders, War like <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Military rule, war like king <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Able to control surrounding city states <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· 1600 B.C. to 1100 B.C. <span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore;">o  Trade <span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ Could fight with Minoans <span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ Cultures interact <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Politics, literature, language, writing, art, politics <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Didn’t trade with Minoans <span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore;">o Fight aggressively with Trojans <span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ Troy is another city state <span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ Two city states fight epic 10 year battle ( Trojan Wars) <span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ Legend of the Trojan horse <span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ Recent findings, have proven that these wars have taken place <span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§  Started because of Helen (face that launched a thousand ships) <span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ All of this was written down in the Iliad Durians <span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ Between Dorian period, <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· No writing, stories told by speech <span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore;">o Embody culture <span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore;">o Through these storied we get Greek myths <span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ Often about unknown expiernces <span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore;">o  Honesty, anxiety, sadness, stress <span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; msobidifontfamily: Wingdings; msofareastfontfamily: Wingdings; msolist: Ignore;">§ Gods


 * Trojan War **

[] The Trojan War lasted a decade, and the tactics used in this war, are unlike any other tactics used in the wars that have occurred since. The war was said to begin, with a simple apple. In the marriage between Peleus and Thetis, a sea goddess, Eris, goddess of discord was not invited. Outraged at this she stormed in to the wedding dinner and threw a golden apple on the table. She proclaimed that the apple belonged to the fairest. Of course, Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite, thought they were the fairest and all reached for the apple, Zeus proclaimed that Paris, prince of Troy would act as judge. He was promised three thinks, from Hera power, From Athena wealth, and from Aphrodite, the most beautiful woman in the world. Paris chose Aphrodite as the fairest, and in return she promised him Helen, wife of Menelaus would be his wife. Paris set of for Sparta and when Menelaus left for a funeral Paris abducted Helen, and some of Menelaus’ wealth. Menelaus was outraged, and called upon Helens suitors, who agreed to back Helen’s husband in order to defend her honor. Many did not want to go to war, Odysseus pretend to be insane, but was caught by Palamedes. Calchas the seer stated that Troy would not be taken unless Achilles fought. Cinyras, king of Paphos, who had been a suitor of Helen didn’t go to war, but promised Agamemnon fifty ships for the Greek fleet. The first nine years were fought in both in Troy and other neighboring regions, the Greeks sone realized that the Trojans were being supplied by neighboring kingdoms and were sent to defeat these areas. The Greeks won many important battles and the Trojan hero Hector fell, as did the Trojan ally Penthesilea. However, the Greeks could not break down the walls of Troy. Still seeking to gain entrance into Troy, clever Odysseus ordered a large wooden horse to be built. Its insides were to be hollow so that soldiers could hide within it. Once the horse was built many Greek warriors climbed inside, the rest sailed away to deceive the Trojans. The Greeks left one man, Sinon who pretended to be angry with the Greek, saying that they left him behind and assured them that the horse would bring them great luck. That night, Sinon let the Greek warriors out, and together they slaughtered the Trojans, including Priam. Though Menelaus was going to kill his unfaithful wife, he was taken by her beauty that he let her live.

​ **Comparison Paper**

The Greek society was made up of numerous city states, ranging from Athenians, who left a legacy of art, to the Spartans who made their legacy from the numerous wars that they had. Both the Athenian city state and Spartan city state had different systems of government and political organizations. The Athenian government was classified as a direct democracy; everyone was allowed to attend the assemblies. Athens claim to be the birthplace of democracy. The Spartan Government was classified as an oligarchy meaning ruled by few, but had some elements of a monarchy, democracy, and aristocracy. In both city states they had some form of elected officials, In Athena they had elected officials ten generals, magistrates and other elected officials, where as in Sparta they had two kings who were generals that commanded the armies and had some religious duties. In Sparta they also had five overseers that were elected annually to run the day to day operations of Sparta. In both city states they had councils, or both a council and senate. In Athens they had a council of 500, they were charged with administering decisions made by the assembly. In Sparta, they had 28 councilmen, who were men over 60 and were elected for life by the citizens, and the two kings that were in charge of the council or senate. These 28 men and 2 kings acted as judges and proposed laws to the citizens’ assembly. In these two city states they shared one thing in common, both had a council, or in Sparta they had both a council and senate. Both city states also shared a common interest when it came down to their governments, they had an Assembly. An assembly was basically an open forum where people came to discuss their political ideals. In Athens the assembly was open to all citizens; they were eligible to attend such meetings in order to speak up. In these assemblies they passed laws and made policy decisions. In Athens citizens were paid for jury service, so not only the wealthy people could participate. In Sparta, all of the Spartan males aged 30 or over could support or veto the council’s recommendations by shouting out their votes. The Athenian assemblies were held on the Hill of Pnyx at the foot of the acropolis. In both city states, women did not participate in the political life.

One of the [|many tools]that the Athenians used in battle was called a [|Trireme]. A trireme was a state of the art fighting ship designed to cover long distances quickly, by using an oar and sail. In battle they were designed to be able to ram into enemy ships with devastating effects. In order to build these boats, money from the [|new vein of silver in Laurion], was used to buy timer to in order to increase their fleet from 40 in 489 B.C. to 200 in 480 B.C. The vein of silver paid for the ship and the crew, and the repairs needed were paid for by a rich citizen as one of the [|liturgies]. These boats where vital to the Athenian society. The Athenians were superior when it came to naval battles. The battle of Salamis to the battle of Aegospotami, they were supreme at sea. Their reliance on the fleet led to political importance of those who rowed and crewed. The triremes size and sophistication were amazing, the resources necessary to build, and maintain a fleet of 200 were mind boggling. There were consequences found in owning the fleet. After the victory at salamis Athens took the leadership of an alliance of Greek states to keep Persians out of the Aegean. Athenians were able to import wheat from Ukraine, they didn‘t like the barley which could have made them self- sufficient; piracy could be suppressed.